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Clinical applications of the Defense Mechanisms Rating Scale-Self-Report-30: a systematic review of the first five years

Gabriella Martino, Orlando Silvestro, Emanuele M. Merlo, Carmelo M. Vicario, Alessandro Meduri, Gianluca Lo Coco

2025-12-31

https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2025.881

2443

PDF: 730

SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: 208

HTML: 104
Therapists’ defense use impacts their patients’ defensive functioning: a systematic case study

Mariagrazia Di Giuseppe, Katie Aafjes-van Doorn, Vera Békés, Bernard S. Gorman, Karl Stukenberg, Sherwood Waldron

2024-08-23

https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2024.797

3656

PDF: 845

HTML: 68
Change and sustained recovery in defense mechanisms and depression in a pilot study of antidepressant medications plus up to 18 months of psychotherapy for recurrent major depression

John Christopher Perry, Claire J. Starrs, Trent Semeniuk, Elisabeth Banon, Ruta Westreich

2025-12-31

https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2025.885

876

PDF: 433

HTML: 31
Beyond the mask of deference: exploring the relationship between ruptures and transference in a single-case study

Francesca Locati, Pietro De Carli, Emanuele Tarasconi, Margherita Lang, Laura Parolin

2016-10-19

https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2016.212

2832

PDF: 1455

HTML: 2126
The relationship between defense mechanisms and attachment: a narrative review

Rose Howell, Vera Békés

2025-12-31

https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2025.879

3855

PDF: 849

HTML: 126
Professional burnout in therapists working with LGBTQ+ patients: associations with defenses and reflective functioning

Gianluca Cruciani, Jacopo Tracchegiani, Maria Quintigliano, Selene Mezzalira, Cristiano Scandurra, Nicola Carone

2025-12-31

https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2025.880

1318

PDF: 715

HTML: 98
Defense mechanisms are associated with mental health symptoms across six countries

Vera Békés, Claire J. Starrs, J. Christopher Perry, Tracy A. Prout, Ciro Conversano, Mariagrazia Di Giuseppe

2023-12-31

https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2023.729

4158

PDF: 1453

Supplementary Material: 244

HTML: 629
Assessing children’s defense mechanisms with the Defense Mechanisms Rating Scales Q-sort for Children

Mariagrazia Di Giuseppe, Tracy A. Prout, Lauren Ammar, Thomas Kui, Ciro Conversano

2021-12-21

https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2021.590

4561

PDF: 1692

HTML: 887
Applying the Defense Mechanisms Rating Scales Q-sort to assess patients’ level of overall defensive functioning in interview data: validity and reliability

Mariagrazia Di Giuseppe, John Porcerelli, Alissa Huth-Bocks, Katie Aafjes-van Doorn

2025-12-31

https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2025.884

1171

PDF: 524

HTML: 86
Revisiting defense mechanisms in contemporary clinical practice: evidence and perspectives

Vittorio Lingiardi, Fabio Madeddu

2025-12-22

https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2025.877

2319

PDF: 1251

HTML: 183
Defense mechanisms and social mentalities in grandiose narcissism: an empirical investigation

Annalisa Tanzilli, Marianna Liotti, Davide Guarino, Gabriele Lo Buglio, Francesco Dentale, Michele Vecchione, Vittorio Lingiardi

2025-12-31

https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2025.882

1452

PDF: 574

SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: 234

HTML: 124
Problematic internet use in emerging adulthood to escape from maternal helicopter parenting: defensive functioning as a mediating mechanism

Nicola Carone, Ilaria Maria Antonietta Benzi, Laura Muzi, Laura Antonia Lucia Parolin, Andrea Fontana

2023-11-08

https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2023.693

3248

PDF: 1849

HTML: 109
Examining the factor structure of the 40-item Defense Style Questionnaire among adults with depression: an individual participant data meta-analysis

Frederik J. Wienicke, William J. Burk, Erkki Heinonen, Olavi Lindfors, Tommi Härkänen, Paul Knekt, Sampo Sarvasmaa, Luciano Dias de Mattos Souza, Karen Jansen, Ricardo Azevedo da Silva, Érico Nobre dos Santos, Jack J. M. Dekker, Jaap Peen, Henricus L. Van, John Christopher Perry, William M. van der Veld, Ednei Soares, Jan Spijker, Ellen Driessen

2026-02-16

https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2026.887

2125

PDF: 815

SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: 141

SUPPLEMENTARY R MARKDOWN: 69

HTML: 229
Defense mechanisms and inflammatory bowel diseases: a narrative review

Orlando Silvestro, Carmelo M. Vicario, Ludovico Costa, Giorgio Sparacino, Trine Lund-Jacobsen, Chiara A. M. Spatola, Emanuele M. Merlo, Anna Viola, Concetto M. Giorgianni, Antonino Catalano, Walter Fries, Gianluca Lo Coco, Gabriella Martino

2025-03-30

https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2025.854

3541

PDF: 1663

HTML: 23
Psychological impairment in inflammatory bowel diseases: the key role of coping and defense mechanisms

Gabriella Martino, Anna Viola, Carmelo Mario Vicario, Federica Bellone, Orlando Silvestro, Giovanni Squadrito, Peter Schwarz, Gianluca Lo Coco, Walter Fries, Antonino Catalano

2023-12-31

https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2023.731

2158

PDF: 1027

HTML: 36
Defensive mechanisms and personality structure in an early adolescent boy: process and outcome issues in a non-intensive psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy

Daniela Di Riso, Alessandro Gennaro, Silvia Salcuni

2015-12-23

https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2015.176

2357

PDF: 2960
Effect of defense mechanisms on the longitudinal development of interpersonal problems during outpatient therapy

Jonas Schmitt, Matthias Volz, Cord Benecke

2025-12-31

https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2025.878

2156

PDF: 926

SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: 234

HTML: 87
Preliminary findings from a brief psychodynamic counseling program for university staff: users’ psychological characteristics and implications for the program’s utility

Alessia Renzi, Eleonora Piacentini, Vittorio Lingiardi

2026-07-31

https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2026.897

258

PDF: 135

HTML: 10
Defense mechanisms in adolescents at high risk of developing psychosis: An empirical investigation

Tommaso Boldrini, Gabriele Lo Buglio, Guido Giovanardi, Vittorio Lingiardi, Silvia Salcuni

2020-05-20

https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2020.456

4788

PDF: 1492

HTML: 156
Epistemic trust: a comprehensive review of empirical insights and implications for developmental psychopathology

Elizabeth Li, Chloe Campbell, Nick Midgley, Patrick Luyten

2023-12-20

https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2023.704

11599

PDF: 3361

Supplementary Material: 393

HTML: 308
A supportive approach in psychodynamic-oriented psychotherapy. An empirically supported single case study.

Daniela Di Riso, Antonello Colli, Daphne Chessa, Cristina Marogna, Valeria Condino, Adriana Lis, Vittorio Lingiardi, Stefania Mannarini

49–89

2011-05-18

https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2011.43

2565

PDF: 5926
Referential activity, dissociation, psychopathology and psychotherapy

Raffaella Perrella, Nadia Del Villano, Giorgio Caviglia

2016-11-11

https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2016.243

2536

PDF: 1333

HTML: 550
New horizons in group psychotherapy research and practice from third wave positive psychology: a practice-friendly review

Cheri L. Marmarosh, Steven Sandage, Nathaniel Wade, Laura E. Captari, Sarah Crabtree

2022-11-04

https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2022.643

14314

PDF: 3696

HTML: 113
Online Supportive Group as social intervention to face COVID lockdown. A qualitative study on psychotherapists, psychology trainees and students, and community people

Emanuela Brusadelli, Laura Ferrari, Michele Benetti, Stefania Bruzzese, Giada Maria Tonelli, Salvatore Gullo

2021-01-20

https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2020.501

2764

PDF: 1260

HTML: 42
Transference interpretation and psychotherapy outcome: a systematic review of a no-consensus relationship

Meltem Yilmaz, Kutlu Kağan Türkarslan, Ludovica Zanini, Dilara Hasdemir, Grazia Fernanda Spitoni, Vittorio Lingiardi

2024-05-02

https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2024.744

4918

PDF: 1741

SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: 233

HTML: 109
The effectiveness of short-term dynamic/interpersonal group therapy on perfectionism; assessment of anxiety, depression and interpersonal problems

Shirzad Babaei, Mahmood Dehghani, Fahimeh Fathali Lavasani, Ahmad Ashouri, Leila Mohamadi

2022-12-29

https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2022.656

3364

PDF: 1385

HTML: 82
“Trust me, do not trust anyone”: how epistemic mistrust and credulity are associated with conspiracy mentality

Felix Brauner, Peter Fonagy, Chloe Campbell, Julia Griem, Timo Storck, Tobias Nolte

2023-12-28

https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2023.705

5399

PDF: 1745

HTML: 235
How secure is the secure base? Romantic attachment, emotion regulation, and psychotherapists’ role as secure base figures

Helena Carvalho, Gil Nata, Paula Mena Matos

2024-04-22

https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2024.733

2908

PDF: 1287

HTML: 49
A systematic review of patient-therapist synchrony as an indicator of emotion regulation in psychotherapy: an integrated approach Patient-therapist synchrony and emotion regulation

Federica Ameli, Federico Abbarchi Minucci, Ludovica Zanini, Gioele Calmi, Grazia Fernanda Spitoni

2025-09-30

https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2025.866

1442

PDF: 1085

SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: 274

HTML: 65
Different epistemic stances for different traumatic experiences: implications for mentalization

Ilaria Maria Antonietta Benzi, Nicola Carone, Laura Parolin, Gabriel Martin-Gagnon, Karin Ensink, Andrea Fontana

2023-12-20

https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2023.708

3502

PDF: 1504

Supplementary Material: 241

HTML: 81
Motivations to become psychotherapists: beyond the concept of the wounded healer

Gianluca Cruciani, Marianna Liotti, Vittorio Lingiardi

2024-08-26

https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2024.808

9393

PDF: 3547

HTML: 1003
Reliability and factorial validity of long and brief versions of the inventory of personality organization in a Latvian sample

Aija de Starceva-Apele, Malgozata Rascevska

2022-06-30

https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2022.606

3084

PDF: 1541

HTML: 170
Transference-focused psychotherapy in an inpatient setting for borderline personality disorders: changes in symptomatology

Torvi Abel, Moritz Happel, Franca Daerr, Carsten Spitzer, Cord Benecke, Birger Dulz

2025-01-28

https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2025.810

5948

PDF: 1902

HTML: 29
Attachment orientations and emotion regulation: new insights from the study of interpersonal emotion regulation strategies

Irene Messina, Vincenzo Calvo, Alessandro Grecucci

2023-12-31

https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2023.703

7628

PDF: 2933

HTML: 296

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Clinical applications of the Defense Mechanisms Rating Scale-Self-Report-30: a systematic review of the first five years

Therapists’ defense use impacts their patients’ defensive functioning: a systematic case study

Change and sustained recovery in defense mechanisms and depression in a pilot study of antidepressant medications plus up to 18 months of psychotherapy for recurrent major depression

Beyond the mask of deference: exploring the relationship between ruptures and transference in a single-case study

The relationship between defense mechanisms and attachment: a narrative review

Professional burnout in therapists working with LGBTQ+ patients: associations with defenses and reflective functioning

Defense mechanisms are associated with mental health symptoms across six countries

Assessing children’s defense mechanisms with the Defense Mechanisms Rating Scales Q-sort for Children

Applying the Defense Mechanisms Rating Scales Q-sort to assess patients’ level of overall defensive functioning in interview data: validity and reliability

Revisiting defense mechanisms in contemporary clinical practice: evidence and perspectives

Defense mechanisms and social mentalities in grandiose narcissism: an empirical investigation

Problematic internet use in emerging adulthood to escape from maternal helicopter parenting: defensive functioning as a mediating mechanism

Examining the factor structure of the 40-item Defense Style Questionnaire among adults with depression: an individual participant data meta-analysis

Defense mechanisms and inflammatory bowel diseases: a narrative review

Psychological impairment in inflammatory bowel diseases: the key role of coping and defense mechanisms

Defensive mechanisms and personality structure in an early adolescent boy: process and outcome issues in a non-intensive psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy

Effect of defense mechanisms on the longitudinal development of interpersonal problems during outpatient therapy

Preliminary findings from a brief psychodynamic counseling program for university staff: users’ psychological characteristics and implications for the program’s utility

Defense mechanisms in adolescents at high risk of developing psychosis: An empirical investigation

Epistemic trust: a comprehensive review of empirical insights and implications for developmental psychopathology

A supportive approach in psychodynamic-oriented psychotherapy. An empirically supported single case study.

Referential activity, dissociation, psychopathology and psychotherapy

New horizons in group psychotherapy research and practice from third wave positive psychology: a practice-friendly review

Online Supportive Group as social intervention to face COVID lockdown. A qualitative study on psychotherapists, psychology trainees and students, and community people

Transference interpretation and psychotherapy outcome: a systematic review of a no-consensus relationship

The effectiveness of short-term dynamic/interpersonal group therapy on perfectionism; assessment of anxiety, depression and interpersonal problems

“Trust me, do not trust anyone”: how epistemic mistrust and credulity are associated with conspiracy mentality

How secure is the secure base? Romantic attachment, emotion regulation, and psychotherapists’ role as secure base figures

A systematic review of patient-therapist synchrony as an indicator of emotion regulation in psychotherapy: an integrated approach Patient-therapist synchrony and emotion regulation

Different epistemic stances for different traumatic experiences: implications for mentalization

Motivations to become psychotherapists: beyond the concept of the wounded healer

Reliability and factorial validity of long and brief versions of the inventory of personality organization in a Latvian sample

Transference-focused psychotherapy in an inpatient setting for borderline personality disorders: changes in symptomatology

Attachment orientations and emotion regulation: new insights from the study of interpersonal emotion regulation strategies

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