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Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome

Editor-in-Chief: Mariagrazia Di Giuseppe | Scientific Director: Vittorio Lingiardi | eISSN 2239-8031 - pISSN 2499-7552

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  • Effect of defense mechanisms on the longitudinal development of interpersonal problems during outpatient therapy

    Jonas Schmitt, Matthias Volz, Cord Benecke
    2025-12-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2025.878
    1823
    PDF: 786
    SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: 183
    HTML: 75
  • Defense mechanisms and inflammatory bowel diseases: a narrative review

    Orlando Silvestro, Carmelo M. Vicario, Ludovico Costa, Giorgio Sparacino, Trine Lund-Jacobsen, Chiara A. M. Spatola, Emanuele M. Merlo, Anna Viola, Concetto M. Giorgianni, Antonino Catalano, Walter Fries, Gianluca Lo Coco, Gabriella Martino
    2025-03-30
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2025.854
    3268
    PDF: 1525
    HTML: 20
  • The relationship between defense mechanisms and attachment: a narrative review

    Rose Howell, Vera Békés
    2025-12-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2025.879
    3277
    PDF: 650
    HTML: 77
  • Examining the factor structure of the 40-item Defense Style Questionnaire among adults with depression: an individual participant data meta-analysis

    Frederik J. Wienicke, William J. Burk, Erkki Heinonen, Olavi Lindfors, Tommi Härkänen, Paul Knekt, Sampo Sarvasmaa, Luciano Dias de Mattos Souza, Karen Jansen, Ricardo Azevedo da Silva, Érico Nobre dos Santos, Jack J. M. Dekker, Jaap Peen, Henricus L. Van, John Christopher Perry, William M. van der Veld, Ednei Soares, Jan Spijker, Ellen Driessen
    2026-02-16
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2026.887
    1717
    PDF: 688
    SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: 76
    SUPPLEMENTARY R MARKDOWN: 42
    HTML: 203
  • Clinical applications of the Defense Mechanisms Rating Scale-Self-Report-30: a systematic review of the first five years

    Gabriella Martino, Orlando Silvestro, Emanuele M. Merlo, Carmelo M. Vicario, Alessandro Meduri, Gianluca Lo Coco
    2025-12-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2025.881
    1925
    PDF: 561
    SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: 159
    HTML: 87
  • Therapists’ defense use impacts their patients’ defensive functioning: a systematic case study

    Mariagrazia Di Giuseppe, Katie Aafjes-van Doorn, Vera Békés, Bernard S. Gorman, Karl Stukenberg, Sherwood Waldron
    2024-08-23
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2024.797
    3339
    PDF: 717
    HTML: 61
  • Applying the Defense Mechanisms Rating Scales Q-sort to assess patients’ level of overall defensive functioning in interview data: validity and reliability

    Mariagrazia Di Giuseppe, John Porcerelli, Alissa Huth-Bocks, Katie Aafjes-van Doorn
    2025-12-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2025.884
    975
    PDF: 396
    HTML: 79
  • Assessing children’s defense mechanisms with the Defense Mechanisms Rating Scales Q-sort for Children

    Mariagrazia Di Giuseppe, Tracy A. Prout, Lauren Ammar, Thomas Kui, Ciro Conversano
    2021-12-21
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2021.590
    4344
    PDF: 1580
    HTML: 838
  • Defense mechanisms are associated with mental health symptoms across six countries

    Vera Békés, Claire J. Starrs, J. Christopher Perry, Tracy A. Prout, Ciro Conversano, Mariagrazia Di Giuseppe
    2023-12-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2023.729
    3771
    PDF: 1284
    Supplementary Material: 198
    HTML: 592
  • Revisiting defense mechanisms in contemporary clinical practice: evidence and perspectives

    Vittorio Lingiardi, Fabio Madeddu
    2025-12-22
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2025.877
    1616
    PDF: 976
    HTML: 141
  • Problematic internet use in emerging adulthood to escape from maternal helicopter parenting: defensive functioning as a mediating mechanism

    Nicola Carone, Ilaria Maria Antonietta Benzi, Laura Muzi, Laura Antonia Lucia Parolin, Andrea Fontana
    2023-11-08
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2023.693
    3051
    PDF: 1681
    HTML: 106
  • The relationship between overall defensive functioning and the Personality Assessment Inventory borderline and treatment outcome scales

    Laura A. Richardson, John H. Porcerelli, Michelle Stein, Brynn DeLorenzo, Christina Massey, Emma Lindquist, Sarah McNamee, Mark Blais
    2025-12-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2025.883
    925
    PDF: 479
    HTML: 84
  • Change and sustained recovery in defense mechanisms and depression in a pilot study of antidepressant medications plus up to 18 months of psychotherapy for recurrent major depression

    John Christopher Perry, Claire J. Starrs, Trent Semeniuk, Elisabeth Banon, Ruta Westreich
    2025-12-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2025.885
    712
    PDF: 327
    HTML: 22
  • Defense mechanisms and social mentalities in grandiose narcissism: an empirical investigation

    Annalisa Tanzilli, Marianna Liotti, Davide Guarino, Gabriele Lo Buglio, Francesco Dentale, Michele Vecchione, Vittorio Lingiardi
    2025-12-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2025.882
    1233
    PDF: 444
    SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: 189
    HTML: 107
  • Psychological impairment in inflammatory bowel diseases: the key role of coping and defense mechanisms

    Gabriella Martino, Anna Viola, Carmelo Mario Vicario, Federica Bellone, Orlando Silvestro, Giovanni Squadrito, Peter Schwarz, Gianluca Lo Coco, Walter Fries, Antonino Catalano
    2023-12-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2023.731
    2016
    PDF: 945
    HTML: 33
  • Professional burnout in therapists working with LGBTQ+ patients: associations with defenses and reflective functioning

    Gianluca Cruciani, Jacopo Tracchegiani, Maria Quintigliano, Selene Mezzalira, Cristiano Scandurra, Nicola Carone
    2025-12-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2025.880
    1176
    PDF: 583
    HTML: 84
  • Beyond the mask of deference: exploring the relationship between ruptures and transference in a single-case study

    Francesca Locati, Pietro De Carli, Emanuele Tarasconi, Margherita Lang, Laura Parolin
    2016-10-19
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2016.212
    2745
    PDF: 1347
    HTML: 2113
  • Defensive mechanisms and personality structure in an early adolescent boy: process and outcome issues in a non-intensive psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy

    Daniela Di Riso, Alessandro Gennaro, Silvia Salcuni
    2015-12-23
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2015.176
    2287
    PDF: 2774
  • Assessing personality change with Blatt's anaclitic and introjective configurations and Shedler-Westen Assessment Procedure profiles: two case studies in psychodynamic treatment

    Osmano Oasi, Laura Buonarrivo, Alberto Codazzi, Margherita Passalacqua, Gio Matteo Risso Ricci, Francesca Straccamore, Roberto Bezzi
    2017-04-19
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2017.231
    2883
    PDF: 1173
    HTML: 851
  • Psychodiagnostic Chart-Child (PDC-C): a valid and clinically sensitive diagnostic tool for patient-tailored intervention planning

    Alexandro Fortunato, Annalisa Tanzilli, Vittorio Lingiardi, Anna Maria Speranza
    2022-03-01
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2022.591
    4959
    PDF: 1334
    HTML: 47
  • Supportive psychotherapy and defense mechanisms: A Comment on the case of Matilde

    Jonathan Petraglia
    43–51
    2011-12-28
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2011.67
    1378
    PDF: 993
  • Defense mechanisms in adolescents at high risk of developing psychosis: An empirical investigation

    Tommaso Boldrini, Gabriele Lo Buglio, Guido Giovanardi, Vittorio Lingiardi, Silvia Salcuni
    2020-05-20
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2020.456
    4666
    PDF: 1413
    HTML: 145
  • Transference-focused psychotherapy in an inpatient setting for borderline personality disorders: changes in symptomatology

    Torvi Abel, Moritz Happel, Franca Daerr, Carsten Spitzer, Cord Benecke, Birger Dulz
    2025-01-28
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2025.810
    5642
    PDF: 1745
    HTML: 25
  • Advancement in the child attachment interview and the child and adolescent reflective functioning scale using a PDM-2 framework: case reports

    Fabiola Bizzi, Francesca Locati, Laura Parolin, Shmueli Goetz Yael, Emanuela Brusadelli
    2022-03-04
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2022.586
    5349
    PDF: 1206
    HTML: 35
  • In-session emotional experiencing in brief psychotherapy conducted by trainee psychologists: process, alliance, and the role of therapist persuasiveness

    Andreia Soares, Laura Ladislau, Ana Aleixo, João M. Santos, Daniel Sousa
    2026-04-29
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2026.891
    1008
    PDF: 391
    SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: 50
    HTML: 175
  • Patient personality and therapist responses in the psychotherapy of adolescents with depressive disorders: toward the Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual - third edition

    Annalisa Tanzilli, Flavia Fiorentino, Marianna Liotti, Gabriele Lo Buglio, Ivan Gualco, Vittorio Lingiardi, Carla Sharp, Riccardo Williams
    2024-03-27
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2024.752
    2211
    PDF: 893
    HTML: 60
  • Suicidality and self-compassion in patients with major depressive disorder: the mediating role of the avoidant attachment type

    Vasiliki Yotsidi, Charis Ntakolia, Ioanna Rannou , Pilios-Dimitris Stavrou, Panagiotis Ferentinos, Athanasios Douzenis, Nikolaos Smyrnis, Efthimia Gavriilidou, Rossetos Gournellis
    2024-12-16
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2024.826
    3434
    PDF: 834
    SUPPLEMENTARY: 199
    HTML: 43
  • A supportive approach in psychodynamic-oriented psychotherapy. An empirically supported single case study.

    Daniela Di Riso, Antonello Colli, Daphne Chessa, Cristina Marogna, Valeria Condino, Adriana Lis, Vittorio Lingiardi, Stefania Mannarini
    49–89
    2011-05-18
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2011.43
    2459
    PDF: 5693
  • Motivations to become psychotherapists: beyond the concept of the wounded healer

    Gianluca Cruciani, Marianna Liotti, Vittorio Lingiardi
    2024-08-26
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2024.808
    8899
    PDF: 3274
    HTML: 928
  • Mentalization, attachment, and defense mechanisms: a Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual-2-oriented empirical investigation

    Annalisa Tanzilli, Mariagrazia Di Giuseppe, Guido Giovanardi, Tommaso Boldrini, Giorgio Caviglia, Ciro Conversano, Vittorio Lingiardi
    2021-03-29
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2021.531
    56154
    PDF: 3318
    HTML: 346
  • Referential activity, dissociation, psychopathology and psychotherapy

    Raffaella Perrella, Nadia Del Villano, Giorgio Caviglia
    2016-11-11
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2016.243
    2457
    PDF: 1185
    HTML: 542
  • The Model of Sequential Brief-Adlerian Psychodynamic Psychotherapy (SB-APP): Specific Features in the Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder

    Andrea Ferrero
    32-45
    2012-10-13
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2012.93
    3629
    PDF: 2362
  • Changes in the anaclitic-introjective personality configurations following psychoanalytic psychotherapy with young adults

    Andrzej Werbart, Siri Aldèn, Anders Diedrichs
    2017-04-13
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2017.239
    2535
    PDF: 1050
    APPENDIX: 386
    HTML: 2114
  • How anxious did you feel during lockdown? The roles resilience, living environment, and gender play on the level of anxiety state during pandemic isolation

    Violeta Stefania Rotărescu, Diana Bianca Matei, Ioana Alexandra Mircea, Andreea Maria Mirescu, Bogdan George Nedelescu, Daniela Georgiana Nedelea, Alexandra Nicoleta Raluca Neagu, Alexandru George Necșulescu, Gabriel Angelo Oteșanu, Lucian Constantin Tudor
    2021-01-14
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2020.496
    5620
    PDF: 1435
    HTML: 30
  • An exploratory study on how attachment classifications manifest in group psychotherapy

    Alessandro Talia, Anna Georg, Björn Siepe, Salvatore Gullo, Madeleine Miller-Bottome, Jana Volkert, Corinne Neukel, Michael Kaess, Felix Bempohl, Sabine C. Herpertz, Svenja Taubner
    2022-11-04
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2022.653
    3554
    PDF: 916
    HTML: 32
  • Transference interpretation and psychotherapy outcome: a systematic review of a no-consensus relationship

    Meltem Yilmaz, Kutlu Kağan Türkarslan, Ludovica Zanini, Dilara Hasdemir, Grazia Fernanda Spitoni, Vittorio Lingiardi
    2024-05-02
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2024.744
    4384
    PDF: 1545
    SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: 177
    HTML: 83
  • Epistemic trust: a comprehensive review of empirical insights and implications for developmental psychopathology

    Elizabeth Li, Chloe Campbell, Nick Midgley, Patrick Luyten
    2023-12-20
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2023.704
    10863
    PDF: 3059
    Supplementary Material: 308
    HTML: 264
  • Personality characteristics, music-listening, and well-being: a systematic and scoping review

    Chiara Rossi, Osmano Oasi, Barbara Colombo
    2024-03-25
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2024.742
    3871
    PDF: 1357
    HTML: 338
  • Mental footnotes: knowledge constructivism from logical thinking to personal beliefs and therapy

    Jose L. Vilchez
    2016-11-07
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2016.234
    2300
    PDF: 1138
    HTML: 375
  • The catcher in the mind: validation of the brief-mentalized affectivity scale for adolescents in the Italian population

    Marianna Liotti, Alice Fiorini Bincoletto, Fabiola Bizzi, Marta Tironi, Simone Charpentier Mora, Donatella Cavanna, Guido Giovanardi, Elliot Jurist, Anna Maria Speranza, Vittorio Lingiardi, Annalisa Tanzilli
    2023-12-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2023.709
    2928
    PDF: 944
    HTML: 69
  • Repairing alliance ruptures in psychotherapy with adults: a scoping review

    Alberto López-Vásquez, Nicolás González-Araneda, Stephanie Vaccarezza, Catherine F. Eubanks, Paula Errázuriz
    2026-04-30
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2026.892
    1755
    PDF: 564
    SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: 74
    HTML: 197
  • Attachment orientations and emotion regulation: new insights from the study of interpersonal emotion regulation strategies

    Irene Messina, Vincenzo Calvo, Alessandro Grecucci
    2023-12-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2023.703
    6932
    PDF: 2600
    HTML: 260
  • It takes two to tango: a qualitative meta-synthesis on processes of psychotherapy dropout from the Single Case Archive

    Liza Notaerts, Melissa De Smet, Martin Finn, Kimberly Van Nieuwenhove, Vicky Hennissen, Reitske Meganck
    2025-12-03
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2025.876
    1258
    PDF: 749
    HTML: 82
  • Exploring the impacts of COVID-19 related social distancing on loneliness, psychological needs and symptomatology

    Bruno Faustino, António Branco Vasco, João Delgado, António Farinha-Fernandes, José Carlos Guerreiro
    2021-01-14
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2020.492
    4160
    PDF: 920
    HTML: 20
  • Dreaming in quarantine: linguistic analysis of referential process of dreams during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown

    Rachele Mariani, Silvia Monaco, Christopher Christian , Michela Di Trani
    2021-08-24
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2021.537
    4127
    PDF: 897
    HTML: 118
  • Assessing therapist and clinician competency in parent-infant psychotherapy: The REARING coding system (RCS) for the group attachment based intervention (GABI)

    Kelsey Armusewicz, Miriam Steele, Howard Steele, Anne Murphy
    2022-03-01
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2022.562
    3499
    PDF: 980
    HTML: 45
  • "Maybe you don’t know what answers I want": unresolved alliance ruptures preceding dropout in short-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy with depressed adolescents

    Manuela Jose Difronzo, Lisa Thackeray, Sally O'Keeffe, Ana Calderon, Nick Midgley
    2025-03-30
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2025.841
    1268
    PDF: 635
    SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: 150
    HTML: 27
  • The role of suicidal motivations in adolescence: implications for the psychotherapeutic treatment of suicidal risk

    Maria Pia Casini, Marta Moselli, Alice Wisniewski, Riccardo Williams
    2024-12-04
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2024.833
    2631
    PDF: 510
    HTML: 9
  • Developing a prototype for relationship therapy psychoanalysis: an empirical study with the Psychotherapy Process Q-set

    Laura Bonalume, Laura Corbelli, Mattia Ferro, Anna Lisa Mazzoleni, Maria Pia Roggero
    2023-03-24
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2023.674
    2413
    PDF: 728
    HTML: 29
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Keywords

  • Therapeutic interventions in intimate partner violence: an overview
    510
  • Effectiveness of Jungian psychotherapy in supervised training settings
    481
  • Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing versus cognitive behavioral therapy in the treatment of inpatients with obesity, binge eating disorder, and traumatic experiences: a randomized controlled trial
    435
  • Therapist self-awareness and perception of actual performance: the effects of listening to one recorded session
    431
  • Examining the factor structure of the 40-item Defense Style Questionnaire among adults with depression: an individual participant data meta-analysis
    428
Vol. 29 No. 1 (2026)
Developing relational competence in psychotherapy training: a qualitative study of trainees’ perspectives
Giovanna Trimoldi et al.
22 April 2026
Vol. 29 No. 1 (2026)
Patient experiences in receiving virtual psychotherapy: a qualitative study
Giorgio A. Tasca et al.
4 March 2026
Vol. 29 No. 1 (2026)
Examining the factor structure of the 40-item Defense Style Questionnaire among adults with depression: an individual participant data meta-analysis
Frederik J. Wienicke et al.
16 February 2026
Vol. 29 No. 1 (2026)
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing versus cognitive behavioral therapy in the treatment of inpatients with obesity, binge eating...
Anna Guerrini Usubini et al.
16 February 2026
Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome

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