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Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome

Editor-in-Chief: Mariagrazia Di Giuseppe | Scientific Director: Vittorio Lingiardi | eISSN 2239-8031 - pISSN 2499-7552

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  • Clinical applications of the Defense Mechanisms Rating Scale-Self-Report-30: a systematic review of the first five years

    Gabriella Martino, Orlando Silvestro, Emanuele M. Merlo, Carmelo M. Vicario, Alessandro Meduri, Gianluca Lo Coco
    2025-12-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2025.881
    1896
    PDF: 554
    SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: 158
    HTML: 87
  • Therapists’ defense use impacts their patients’ defensive functioning: a systematic case study

    Mariagrazia Di Giuseppe, Katie Aafjes-van Doorn, Vera Békés, Bernard S. Gorman, Karl Stukenberg, Sherwood Waldron
    2024-08-23
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2024.797
    3323
    PDF: 708
    HTML: 61
  • Change and sustained recovery in defense mechanisms and depression in a pilot study of antidepressant medications plus up to 18 months of psychotherapy for recurrent major depression

    John Christopher Perry, Claire J. Starrs, Trent Semeniuk, Elisabeth Banon, Ruta Westreich
    2025-12-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2025.885
    707
    PDF: 323
    HTML: 22
  • Beyond the mask of deference: exploring the relationship between ruptures and transference in a single-case study

    Francesca Locati, Pietro De Carli, Emanuele Tarasconi, Margherita Lang, Laura Parolin
    2016-10-19
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2016.212
    2734
    PDF: 1344
    HTML: 2113
  • Professional burnout in therapists working with LGBTQ+ patients: associations with defenses and reflective functioning

    Gianluca Cruciani, Jacopo Tracchegiani, Maria Quintigliano, Selene Mezzalira, Cristiano Scandurra, Nicola Carone
    2025-12-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2025.880
    1173
    PDF: 580
    HTML: 84
  • The relationship between defense mechanisms and attachment: a narrative review

    Rose Howell, Vera Békés
    2025-12-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2025.879
    3170
    PDF: 635
    HTML: 75
  • Defense mechanisms are associated with mental health symptoms across six countries

    Vera Békés, Claire J. Starrs, J. Christopher Perry, Tracy A. Prout, Ciro Conversano, Mariagrazia Di Giuseppe
    2023-12-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2023.729
    3760
    PDF: 1280
    Supplementary Material: 197
    HTML: 591
  • Revisiting defense mechanisms in contemporary clinical practice: evidence and perspectives

    Vittorio Lingiardi, Fabio Madeddu
    2025-12-22
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2025.877
    1595
    PDF: 963
    HTML: 141
  • The relationship between overall defensive functioning and the Personality Assessment Inventory borderline and treatment outcome scales

    Laura A. Richardson, John H. Porcerelli, Michelle Stein, Brynn DeLorenzo, Christina Massey, Emma Lindquist, Sarah McNamee, Mark Blais
    2025-12-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2025.883
    922
    PDF: 474
    HTML: 84
  • Applying the Defense Mechanisms Rating Scales Q-sort to assess patients’ level of overall defensive functioning in interview data: validity and reliability

    Mariagrazia Di Giuseppe, John Porcerelli, Alissa Huth-Bocks, Katie Aafjes-van Doorn
    2025-12-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2025.884
    966
    PDF: 392
    HTML: 79
  • Assessing children’s defense mechanisms with the Defense Mechanisms Rating Scales Q-sort for Children

    Mariagrazia Di Giuseppe, Tracy A. Prout, Lauren Ammar, Thomas Kui, Ciro Conversano
    2021-12-21
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2021.590
    4336
    PDF: 1579
    HTML: 836
  • Defense mechanisms and social mentalities in grandiose narcissism: an empirical investigation

    Annalisa Tanzilli, Marianna Liotti, Davide Guarino, Gabriele Lo Buglio, Francesco Dentale, Michele Vecchione, Vittorio Lingiardi
    2025-12-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2025.882
    1114
    PDF: 438
    SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: 186
    HTML: 107
  • Examining the factor structure of the 40-item Defense Style Questionnaire among adults with depression: an individual participant data meta-analysis

    Frederik J. Wienicke, William J. Burk, Erkki Heinonen, Olavi Lindfors, Tommi Härkänen, Paul Knekt, Sampo Sarvasmaa, Luciano Dias de Mattos Souza, Karen Jansen, Ricardo Azevedo da Silva, Érico Nobre dos Santos, Jack J. M. Dekker, Jaap Peen, Henricus L. Van, John Christopher Perry, William M. van der Veld, Ednei Soares, Jan Spijker, Ellen Driessen
    2026-02-16
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2026.887
    1703
    PDF: 684
    SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: 74
    SUPPLEMENTARY R MARKDOWN: 42
    HTML: 196
  • Problematic internet use in emerging adulthood to escape from maternal helicopter parenting: defensive functioning as a mediating mechanism

    Nicola Carone, Ilaria Maria Antonietta Benzi, Laura Muzi, Laura Antonia Lucia Parolin, Andrea Fontana
    2023-11-08
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2023.693
    3042
    PDF: 1673
    HTML: 106
  • Psychological impairment in inflammatory bowel diseases: the key role of coping and defense mechanisms

    Gabriella Martino, Anna Viola, Carmelo Mario Vicario, Federica Bellone, Orlando Silvestro, Giovanni Squadrito, Peter Schwarz, Gianluca Lo Coco, Walter Fries, Antonino Catalano
    2023-12-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2023.731
    2009
    PDF: 938
    HTML: 33
  • Defense mechanisms and inflammatory bowel diseases: a narrative review

    Orlando Silvestro, Carmelo M. Vicario, Ludovico Costa, Giorgio Sparacino, Trine Lund-Jacobsen, Chiara A. M. Spatola, Emanuele M. Merlo, Anna Viola, Concetto M. Giorgianni, Antonino Catalano, Walter Fries, Gianluca Lo Coco, Gabriella Martino
    2025-03-30
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2025.854
    3264
    PDF: 1520
    HTML: 20
  • Defensive mechanisms and personality structure in an early adolescent boy: process and outcome issues in a non-intensive psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy

    Daniela Di Riso, Alessandro Gennaro, Silvia Salcuni
    2015-12-23
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2015.176
    2282
    PDF: 2767
  • Effect of defense mechanisms on the longitudinal development of interpersonal problems during outpatient therapy

    Jonas Schmitt, Matthias Volz, Cord Benecke
    2025-12-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2025.878
    1720
    PDF: 782
    SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: 181
    HTML: 75
  • Defense mechanisms in adolescents at high risk of developing psychosis: An empirical investigation

    Tommaso Boldrini, Gabriele Lo Buglio, Guido Giovanardi, Vittorio Lingiardi, Silvia Salcuni
    2020-05-20
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2020.456
    4659
    PDF: 1409
    HTML: 144
  • Group dynamic-relational therapy for perfectionism

    Samuel F. Mikail, Paul L. Hewitt, Gordon L. Flett, Sabrina Ge
    2022-09-01
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2022.635
    4360
    PDF: 1175
    HTML: 94
  • The effectiveness of short-term dynamic/interpersonal group therapy on perfectionism; assessment of anxiety, depression and interpersonal problems

    Shirzad Babaei, Mahmood Dehghani, Fahimeh Fathali Lavasani, Ahmad Ashouri, Leila Mohamadi
    2022-12-29
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2022.656
    3161
    PDF: 1264
    HTML: 75
  • "Maybe you don’t know what answers I want": unresolved alliance ruptures preceding dropout in short-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy with depressed adolescents

    Manuela Jose Difronzo, Lisa Thackeray, Sally O'Keeffe, Ana Calderon, Nick Midgley
    2025-03-30
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2025.841
    1265
    PDF: 630
    SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: 148
    HTML: 24
  • Advancement in the child attachment interview and the child and adolescent reflective functioning scale using a PDM-2 framework: case reports

    Fabiola Bizzi, Francesca Locati, Laura Parolin, Shmueli Goetz Yael, Emanuela Brusadelli
    2022-03-04
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2022.586
    5333
    PDF: 1200
    HTML: 35
  • Changes in the anaclitic-introjective personality configurations following psychoanalytic psychotherapy with young adults

    Andrzej Werbart, Siri Aldèn, Anders Diedrichs
    2017-04-13
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2017.239
    2531
    PDF: 1046
    APPENDIX: 386
    HTML: 2114
  • Transference interpretation and psychotherapy outcome: a systematic review of a no-consensus relationship

    Meltem Yilmaz, Kutlu Kağan Türkarslan, Ludovica Zanini, Dilara Hasdemir, Grazia Fernanda Spitoni, Vittorio Lingiardi
    2024-05-02
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2024.744
    4376
    PDF: 1533
    SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: 176
    HTML: 78
  • A supportive approach in psychodynamic-oriented psychotherapy. An empirically supported single case study.

    Daniela Di Riso, Antonello Colli, Daphne Chessa, Cristina Marogna, Valeria Condino, Adriana Lis, Vittorio Lingiardi, Stefania Mannarini
    49–89
    2011-05-18
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2011.43
    2452
    PDF: 5682
  • The contribution of Sidney Blatt's two-polarities model to the Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual

    Vittorio Lingiardi, Nancy McWilliams, Laura Muzi
    2017-04-13
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2017.242
    4519
    PDF: 1814
    HTML: 1147
  • Referential activity, dissociation, psychopathology and psychotherapy

    Raffaella Perrella, Nadia Del Villano, Giorgio Caviglia
    2016-11-11
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2016.243
    2457
    PDF: 1181
    HTML: 542
  • Motivations to become psychotherapists: beyond the concept of the wounded healer

    Gianluca Cruciani, Marianna Liotti, Vittorio Lingiardi
    2024-08-26
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2024.808
    8848
    PDF: 3264
    HTML: 927
  • Depression and attachment: how do personality styles and social support influence this relation?

    Paula Dagnino, Carola Pèrez, Adriana Gòmez, Sergio Gloger, Mariane Krause
    2017-04-13
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2017.237
    6611
    PDF: 2142
    HTML: 10906
  • A systematic review of patient-therapist synchrony as an indicator of emotion regulation in psychotherapy: an integrated approach Patient-therapist synchrony and emotion regulation

    Federica Ameli, Federico Abbarchi Minucci, Ludovica Zanini, Gioele Calmi, Grazia Fernanda Spitoni
    2025-09-30
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2025.866
    1125
    PDF: 689
    SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: 205
    HTML: 61
  • Online Supportive Group as social intervention to face COVID lockdown. A qualitative study on psychotherapists, psychology trainees and students, and community people

    Emanuela Brusadelli, Laura Ferrari, Michele Benetti, Stefania Bruzzese, Giada Maria Tonelli, Salvatore Gullo
    2021-01-20
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2020.501
    2607
    PDF: 1186
    HTML: 38
  • Transference-focused psychotherapy in an inpatient setting for borderline personality disorders: changes in symptomatology

    Torvi Abel, Moritz Happel, Franca Daerr, Carsten Spitzer, Cord Benecke, Birger Dulz
    2025-01-28
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2025.810
    5542
    PDF: 1740
    HTML: 25
  • Rate of speech and emotional-cognitive regulation in the psychotherapeutic process: a pilot study

    Marco Tonti, Omar C.G. Gelo
    2016-10-19
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2016.232
    2487
    PDF: 1047
    HTML: 890
  • Exploring the impacts of COVID-19 related social distancing on loneliness, psychological needs and symptomatology

    Bruno Faustino, António Branco Vasco, João Delgado, António Farinha-Fernandes, José Carlos Guerreiro
    2021-01-14
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2020.492
    4158
    PDF: 918
    HTML: 20
  • Attachment orientations and emotion regulation: new insights from the study of interpersonal emotion regulation strategies

    Irene Messina, Vincenzo Calvo, Alessandro Grecucci
    2023-12-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2023.703
    6908
    PDF: 2595
    HTML: 255
  • Psychodiagnostic Chart-Child (PDC-C): a valid and clinically sensitive diagnostic tool for patient-tailored intervention planning

    Alexandro Fortunato, Annalisa Tanzilli, Vittorio Lingiardi, Anna Maria Speranza
    2022-03-01
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2022.591
    4940
    PDF: 1326
    HTML: 47
  • Negative and positive ageism in an Italian sample: how ageist beliefs relate to epistemic trust, psychological distress, and well-being

    Alice Fiorini Bincoletto, Ludovica Zanini, Grazia Fernanda Spitoni, Vittorio Lingiardi
    2023-07-27
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2023.676
    3225
    PDF: 1081
    HTML: 101
  • Evaluating the efficacy of psychodynamic treatment on a single case of autism. A qualitative research

    Marta Vecchiato, Chiara Sacchi, Alessandra Simonelli, Nicola Purgato
    2016-04-18
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2016.194
    5076
    PDF: 2414
    HTML: 2724
  • It takes two to tango: a qualitative meta-synthesis on processes of psychotherapy dropout from the Single Case Archive

    Liza Notaerts, Melissa De Smet, Martin Finn, Kimberly Van Nieuwenhove, Vicky Hennissen, Reitske Meganck
    2025-12-03
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2025.876
    1245
    PDF: 742
    HTML: 82
  • Assessing therapist and clinician competency in parent-infant psychotherapy: The REARING coding system (RCS) for the group attachment based intervention (GABI)

    Kelsey Armusewicz, Miriam Steele, Howard Steele, Anne Murphy
    2022-03-01
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2022.562
    3488
    PDF: 971
    HTML: 45
  • New horizons in group psychotherapy research and practice from third wave positive psychology: a practice-friendly review

    Cheri L. Marmarosh, Steven Sandage, Nathaniel Wade, Laura E. Captari, Sarah Crabtree
    2022-11-04
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2022.643
    12950
    PDF: 3391
    HTML: 97
  • “Trust me, do not trust anyone”: how epistemic mistrust and credulity are associated with conspiracy mentality

    Felix Brauner, Peter Fonagy, Chloe Campbell, Julia Griem, Timo Storck, Tobias Nolte
    2023-12-28
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2023.705
    4880
    PDF: 1563
    HTML: 233
  • Epistemic trust: a comprehensive review of empirical insights and implications for developmental psychopathology

    Elizabeth Li, Chloe Campbell, Nick Midgley, Patrick Luyten
    2023-12-20
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2023.704
    10797
    PDF: 3047
    Supplementary Material: 307
    HTML: 264
  • Mentalization, attachment, and defense mechanisms: a Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual-2-oriented empirical investigation

    Annalisa Tanzilli, Mariagrazia Di Giuseppe, Guido Giovanardi, Tommaso Boldrini, Giorgio Caviglia, Ciro Conversano, Vittorio Lingiardi
    2021-03-29
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2021.531
    56035
    PDF: 3311
    HTML: 346
  • How secure is the secure base? Romantic attachment, emotion regulation, and psychotherapists’ role as secure base figures

    Helena Carvalho, Gil Nata, Paula Mena Matos
    2024-04-22
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2024.733
    2719
    PDF: 1166
    HTML: 39
  • Interpersonal emotion regulation questionnaire: psychometric properties of the Italian version and associations with psychopathology

    Irene Messina, Pietro Spataro, Alessandro Grecucci, Danielle M. Moskow, Cristina Marogna, Stefan G. Hofmann
    2022-08-24
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2022.616
    4705
    PDF: 2564
    Appendix: 562
    HTML: 498
  • Different epistemic stances for different traumatic experiences: implications for mentalization

    Ilaria Maria Antonietta Benzi, Nicola Carone, Laura Parolin, Gabriel Martin-Gagnon, Karin Ensink, Andrea Fontana
    2023-12-20
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2023.708
    3241
    PDF: 1313
    Supplementary Material: 189
    HTML: 77
  • Patient personality and therapist responses in the psychotherapy of adolescents with depressive disorders: toward the Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual - third edition

    Annalisa Tanzilli, Flavia Fiorentino, Marianna Liotti, Gabriele Lo Buglio, Ivan Gualco, Vittorio Lingiardi, Carla Sharp, Riccardo Williams
    2024-03-27
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2024.752
    2205
    PDF: 886
    HTML: 59
  • Reliability and factorial validity of long and brief versions of the inventory of personality organization in a Latvian sample

    Aija de Starceva-Apele, Malgozata Rascevska
    2022-06-30
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2022.606
    2944
    PDF: 1431
    HTML: 162
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Keywords

  • Therapeutic interventions in intimate partner violence: an overview
    518
  • Effectiveness of Jungian psychotherapy in supervised training settings
    474
  • Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing versus cognitive behavioral therapy in the treatment of inpatients with obesity, binge eating disorder, and traumatic experiences: a randomized controlled trial
    442
  • Examining the factor structure of the 40-item Defense Style Questionnaire among adults with depression: an individual participant data meta-analysis
    434
  • Therapist self-awareness and perception of actual performance: the effects of listening to one recorded session
    427
Vol. 29 No. 1 (2026)
Developing relational competence in psychotherapy training: a qualitative study of trainees’ perspectives
Giovanna Trimoldi et al.
22 April 2026
Vol. 29 No. 1 (2026)
Patient experiences in receiving virtual psychotherapy: a qualitative study
Giorgio A. Tasca et al.
4 March 2026
Vol. 29 No. 1 (2026)
Examining the factor structure of the 40-item Defense Style Questionnaire among adults with depression: an individual participant data meta-analysis
Frederik J. Wienicke et al.
16 February 2026
Vol. 29 No. 1 (2026)
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing versus cognitive behavioral therapy in the treatment of inpatients with obesity, binge eating...
Anna Guerrini Usubini et al.
16 February 2026
Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome

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