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Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome

Editor-in-Chief: Mariagrazia Di Giuseppe | Scientific Director: Vittorio Lingiardi | eISSN 2239-8031 - pISSN 2499-7552

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  • Clinical applications of the Defense Mechanisms Rating Scale-Self-Report-30: a systematic review of the first five years

    Gabriella Martino, Orlando Silvestro, Emanuele M. Merlo, Carmelo M. Vicario, Alessandro Meduri, Gianluca Lo Coco
    2025-12-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2025.881
    2583
    PDF: 771
    SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: 234
    HTML: 108
  • Therapists’ defense use impacts their patients’ defensive functioning: a systematic case study

    Mariagrazia Di Giuseppe, Katie Aafjes-van Doorn, Vera Békés, Bernard S. Gorman, Karl Stukenberg, Sherwood Waldron
    2024-08-23
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2024.797
    3788
    PDF: 877
    HTML: 71
  • Change and sustained recovery in defense mechanisms and depression in a pilot study of antidepressant medications plus up to 18 months of psychotherapy for recurrent major depression

    John Christopher Perry, Claire J. Starrs, Trent Semeniuk, Elisabeth Banon, Ruta Westreich
    2025-12-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2025.885
    903
    PDF: 452
    HTML: 36
  • Beyond the mask of deference: exploring the relationship between ruptures and transference in a single-case study

    Francesca Locati, Pietro De Carli, Emanuele Tarasconi, Margherita Lang, Laura Parolin
    2016-10-19
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2016.212
    2879
    PDF: 1475
    HTML: 2132
  • Professional burnout in therapists working with LGBTQ+ patients: associations with defenses and reflective functioning

    Gianluca Cruciani, Jacopo Tracchegiani, Maria Quintigliano, Selene Mezzalira, Cristiano Scandurra, Nicola Carone
    2025-12-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2025.880
    1364
    PDF: 731
    HTML: 102
  • The relationship between defense mechanisms and attachment: a narrative review

    Rose Howell, Vera Békés
    2025-12-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2025.879
    4069
    PDF: 911
    HTML: 142
  • Defense mechanisms are associated with mental health symptoms across six countries

    Vera Békés, Claire J. Starrs, J. Christopher Perry, Tracy A. Prout, Ciro Conversano, Mariagrazia Di Giuseppe
    2023-12-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2023.729
    4320
    PDF: 1487
    Supplementary Material: 270
    HTML: 638
  • Revisiting defense mechanisms in contemporary clinical practice: evidence and perspectives

    Vittorio Lingiardi, Fabio Madeddu
    2025-12-22
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2025.877
    2550
    PDF: 1348
    HTML: 207
  • Applying the Defense Mechanisms Rating Scales Q-sort to assess patients’ level of overall defensive functioning in interview data: validity and reliability

    Mariagrazia Di Giuseppe, John Porcerelli, Alissa Huth-Bocks, Katie Aafjes-van Doorn
    2025-12-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2025.884
    1220
    PDF: 545
    HTML: 88
  • The relationship between overall defensive functioning and the Personality Assessment Inventory borderline and treatment outcome scales

    Laura A. Richardson, John H. Porcerelli, Michelle Stein, Brynn DeLorenzo, Christina Massey, Emma Lindquist, Sarah McNamee, Mark Blais
    2025-12-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2025.883
    1177
    PDF: 626
    HTML: 105
  • Assessing children’s defense mechanisms with the Defense Mechanisms Rating Scales Q-sort for Children

    Mariagrazia Di Giuseppe, Tracy A. Prout, Lauren Ammar, Thomas Kui, Ciro Conversano
    2021-12-21
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2021.590
    4635
    PDF: 1715
    HTML: 899
  • Defense mechanisms and social mentalities in grandiose narcissism: an empirical investigation

    Annalisa Tanzilli, Marianna Liotti, Davide Guarino, Gabriele Lo Buglio, Francesco Dentale, Michele Vecchione, Vittorio Lingiardi
    2025-12-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2025.882
    1506
    PDF: 595
    SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: 243
    HTML: 128
  • Examining the factor structure of the 40-item Defense Style Questionnaire among adults with depression: an individual participant data meta-analysis

    Frederik J. Wienicke, William J. Burk, Erkki Heinonen, Olavi Lindfors, Tommi Härkänen, Paul Knekt, Sampo Sarvasmaa, Luciano Dias de Mattos Souza, Karen Jansen, Ricardo Azevedo da Silva, Érico Nobre dos Santos, Jack J. M. Dekker, Jaap Peen, Henricus L. Van, John Christopher Perry, William M. van der Veld, Ednei Soares, Jan Spijker, Ellen Driessen
    2026-02-16
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2026.887
    2226
    PDF: 847
    SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: 153
    SUPPLEMENTARY R MARKDOWN: 79
    HTML: 233
  • Problematic internet use in emerging adulthood to escape from maternal helicopter parenting: defensive functioning as a mediating mechanism

    Nicola Carone, Ilaria Maria Antonietta Benzi, Laura Muzi, Laura Antonia Lucia Parolin, Andrea Fontana
    2023-11-08
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2023.693
    3301
    PDF: 1870
    HTML: 112
  • Defense mechanisms and inflammatory bowel diseases: a narrative review

    Orlando Silvestro, Carmelo M. Vicario, Ludovico Costa, Giorgio Sparacino, Trine Lund-Jacobsen, Chiara A. M. Spatola, Emanuele M. Merlo, Anna Viola, Concetto M. Giorgianni, Antonino Catalano, Walter Fries, Gianluca Lo Coco, Gabriella Martino
    2025-03-30
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2025.854
    3575
    PDF: 1702
    HTML: 25
  • Psychological impairment in inflammatory bowel diseases: the key role of coping and defense mechanisms

    Gabriella Martino, Anna Viola, Carmelo Mario Vicario, Federica Bellone, Orlando Silvestro, Giovanni Squadrito, Peter Schwarz, Gianluca Lo Coco, Walter Fries, Antonino Catalano
    2023-12-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2023.731
    2215
    PDF: 1038
    HTML: 39
  • Defensive mechanisms and personality structure in an early adolescent boy: process and outcome issues in a non-intensive psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy

    Daniela Di Riso, Alessandro Gennaro, Silvia Salcuni
    2015-12-23
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2015.176
    2397
    PDF: 2987
  • Effect of defense mechanisms on the longitudinal development of interpersonal problems during outpatient therapy

    Jonas Schmitt, Matthias Volz, Cord Benecke
    2025-12-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2025.878
    2241
    PDF: 954
    SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: 242
    HTML: 94
  • Group dynamic-relational therapy for perfectionism

    Samuel F. Mikail, Paul L. Hewitt, Gordon L. Flett, Sabrina Ge
    2022-09-01
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2022.635
    4627
    PDF: 1328
    HTML: 107
  • Defense mechanisms in adolescents at high risk of developing psychosis: An empirical investigation

    Tommaso Boldrini, Gabriele Lo Buglio, Guido Giovanardi, Vittorio Lingiardi, Silvia Salcuni
    2020-05-20
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2020.456
    4856
    PDF: 1508
    HTML: 158
  • The effectiveness of short-term dynamic/interpersonal group therapy on perfectionism; assessment of anxiety, depression and interpersonal problems

    Shirzad Babaei, Mahmood Dehghani, Fahimeh Fathali Lavasani, Ahmad Ashouri, Leila Mohamadi
    2022-12-29
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2022.656
    3432
    PDF: 1409
    HTML: 84
  • Preliminary findings from a brief psychodynamic counseling program for university staff: users’ psychological characteristics and implications for the program’s utility

    Alessia Renzi, Eleonora Piacentini, Vittorio Lingiardi
    2026-07-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2026.897
    294
    PDF: 176
    HTML: 17
  • Changes in the anaclitic-introjective personality configurations following psychoanalytic psychotherapy with young adults

    Andrzej Werbart, Siri Aldèn, Anders Diedrichs
    2017-04-13
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2017.239
    2673
    PDF: 1155
    APPENDIX: 448
    HTML: 2126
  • Transference interpretation and psychotherapy outcome: a systematic review of a no-consensus relationship

    Meltem Yilmaz, Kutlu Kağan Türkarslan, Ludovica Zanini, Dilara Hasdemir, Grazia Fernanda Spitoni, Vittorio Lingiardi
    2024-05-02
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2024.744
    5137
    PDF: 1812
    SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: 240
    HTML: 112
  • A supportive approach in psychodynamic-oriented psychotherapy. An empirically supported single case study.

    Daniela Di Riso, Antonello Colli, Daphne Chessa, Cristina Marogna, Valeria Condino, Adriana Lis, Vittorio Lingiardi, Stefania Mannarini
    49–89
    2011-05-18
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2011.43
    2604
    PDF: 5987
  • The contribution of Sidney Blatt's two-polarities model to the Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual

    Vittorio Lingiardi, Nancy McWilliams, Laura Muzi
    2017-04-13
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2017.242
    4733
    PDF: 2007
    HTML: 1194
  • Referential activity, dissociation, psychopathology and psychotherapy

    Raffaella Perrella, Nadia Del Villano, Giorgio Caviglia
    2016-11-11
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2016.243
    2566
    PDF: 1352
    HTML: 552
  • "Maybe you don’t know what answers I want": unresolved alliance ruptures preceding dropout in short-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy with depressed adolescents

    Manuela Jose Difronzo, Lisa Thackeray, Sally O'Keeffe, Ana Calderon, Nick Midgley
    2025-03-30
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2025.841
    1407
    PDF: 812
    SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: 214
    HTML: 39
  • Advancement in the child attachment interview and the child and adolescent reflective functioning scale using a PDM-2 framework: case reports

    Fabiola Bizzi, Francesca Locati, Laura Parolin, Shmueli Goetz Yael, Emanuela Brusadelli
    2022-03-04
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2022.586
    5621
    PDF: 1454
    HTML: 41
  • Motivations to become psychotherapists: beyond the concept of the wounded healer

    Gianluca Cruciani, Marianna Liotti, Vittorio Lingiardi
    2024-08-26
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2024.808
    9600
    PDF: 3615
    HTML: 1020
  • Depression and attachment: how do personality styles and social support influence this relation?

    Paula Dagnino, Carola Pèrez, Adriana Gòmez, Sergio Gloger, Mariane Krause
    2017-04-13
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2017.237
    6749
    PDF: 2273
    HTML: 10921
  • A systematic review of patient-therapist synchrony as an indicator of emotion regulation in psychotherapy: an integrated approach Patient-therapist synchrony and emotion regulation

    Federica Ameli, Federico Abbarchi Minucci, Ludovica Zanini, Gioele Calmi, Grazia Fernanda Spitoni
    2025-09-30
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2025.866
    1535
    PDF: 1129
    SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: 285
    HTML: 68
  • Online Supportive Group as social intervention to face COVID lockdown. A qualitative study on psychotherapists, psychology trainees and students, and community people

    Emanuela Brusadelli, Laura Ferrari, Michele Benetti, Stefania Bruzzese, Giada Maria Tonelli, Salvatore Gullo
    2021-01-20
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2020.501
    2817
    PDF: 1273
    HTML: 44
  • Evaluating the efficacy of psychodynamic treatment on a single case of autism. A qualitative research

    Marta Vecchiato, Chiara Sacchi, Alessandra Simonelli, Nicola Purgato
    2016-04-18
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2016.194
    5248
    PDF: 2585
    HTML: 2781
  • It takes two to tango: a qualitative meta-synthesis on processes of psychotherapy dropout from the Single Case Archive

    Liza Notaerts, Melissa De Smet, Martin Finn, Kimberly Van Nieuwenhove, Vicky Hennissen, Reitske Meganck
    2025-12-03
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2025.876
    1568
    PDF: 925
    HTML: 101
  • Assessing therapist and clinician competency in parent-infant psychotherapy: The REARING coding system (RCS) for the group attachment based intervention (GABI)

    Kelsey Armusewicz, Miriam Steele, Howard Steele, Anne Murphy
    2022-03-01
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2022.562
    3715
    PDF: 1150
    HTML: 58
  • New horizons in group psychotherapy research and practice from third wave positive psychology: a practice-friendly review

    Cheri L. Marmarosh, Steven Sandage, Nathaniel Wade, Laura E. Captari, Sarah Crabtree
    2022-11-04
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2022.643
    14654
    PDF: 3777
    HTML: 115
  • “Trust me, do not trust anyone”: how epistemic mistrust and credulity are associated with conspiracy mentality

    Felix Brauner, Peter Fonagy, Chloe Campbell, Julia Griem, Timo Storck, Tobias Nolte
    2023-12-28
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2023.705
    5523
    PDF: 1803
    HTML: 237
  • Epistemic trust: a comprehensive review of empirical insights and implications for developmental psychopathology

    Elizabeth Li, Chloe Campbell, Nick Midgley, Patrick Luyten
    2023-12-20
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2023.704
    11821
    PDF: 3431
    Supplementary Material: 403
    HTML: 313
  • Mentalization, attachment, and defense mechanisms: a Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual-2-oriented empirical investigation

    Annalisa Tanzilli, Mariagrazia Di Giuseppe, Guido Giovanardi, Tommaso Boldrini, Giorgio Caviglia, Ciro Conversano, Vittorio Lingiardi
    2021-03-29
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2021.531
    56809
    PDF: 3550
    HTML: 409
  • How secure is the secure base? Romantic attachment, emotion regulation, and psychotherapists’ role as secure base figures

    Helena Carvalho, Gil Nata, Paula Mena Matos
    2024-04-22
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2024.733
    2980
    PDF: 1317
    HTML: 54
  • Interpersonal emotion regulation questionnaire: psychometric properties of the Italian version and associations with psychopathology

    Irene Messina, Pietro Spataro, Alessandro Grecucci, Danielle M. Moskow, Cristina Marogna, Stefan G. Hofmann
    2022-08-24
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2022.616
    5039
    PDF: 2768
    Appendix: 629
    HTML: 523
  • Different epistemic stances for different traumatic experiences: implications for mentalization

    Ilaria Maria Antonietta Benzi, Nicola Carone, Laura Parolin, Gabriel Martin-Gagnon, Karin Ensink, Andrea Fontana
    2023-12-20
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2023.708
    3596
    PDF: 1524
    Supplementary Material: 251
    HTML: 84
  • Patient personality and therapist responses in the psychotherapy of adolescents with depressive disorders: toward the Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual - third edition

    Annalisa Tanzilli, Flavia Fiorentino, Marianna Liotti, Gabriele Lo Buglio, Ivan Gualco, Vittorio Lingiardi, Carla Sharp, Riccardo Williams
    2024-03-27
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2024.752
    2424
    PDF: 1027
    HTML: 75
  • Reliability and factorial validity of long and brief versions of the inventory of personality organization in a Latvian sample

    Aija de Starceva-Apele, Malgozata Rascevska
    2022-06-30
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2022.606
    3133
    PDF: 1559
    HTML: 173
  • Transference-focused psychotherapy in an inpatient setting for borderline personality disorders: changes in symptomatology

    Torvi Abel, Moritz Happel, Franca Daerr, Carsten Spitzer, Cord Benecke, Birger Dulz
    2025-01-28
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2025.810
    6038
    PDF: 1935
    HTML: 33
  • Rate of speech and emotional-cognitive regulation in the psychotherapeutic process: a pilot study

    Marco Tonti, Omar C.G. Gelo
    2016-10-19
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2016.232
    2624
    PDF: 1179
    HTML: 903
  • Exploring the impacts of COVID-19 related social distancing on loneliness, psychological needs and symptomatology

    Bruno Faustino, António Branco Vasco, João Delgado, António Farinha-Fernandes, José Carlos Guerreiro
    2021-01-14
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2020.492
    4304
    PDF: 1000
    HTML: 26
  • Attachment orientations and emotion regulation: new insights from the study of interpersonal emotion regulation strategies

    Irene Messina, Vincenzo Calvo, Alessandro Grecucci
    2023-12-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2023.703
    7915
    PDF: 3074
    HTML: 312
  • Psychodiagnostic Chart-Child (PDC-C): a valid and clinically sensitive diagnostic tool for patient-tailored intervention planning

    Alexandro Fortunato, Annalisa Tanzilli, Vittorio Lingiardi, Anna Maria Speranza
    2022-03-01
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2022.591
    5187
    PDF: 1467
    HTML: 58
  • Negative and positive ageism in an Italian sample: how ageist beliefs relate to epistemic trust, psychological distress, and well-being

    Alice Fiorini Bincoletto, Ludovica Zanini, Grazia Fernanda Spitoni, Vittorio Lingiardi
    2023-07-27
    https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2023.676
    3466
    PDF: 1228
    HTML: 107
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Keywords

  • Therapeutic interventions in intimate partner violence: an overview
    417
  • Effectiveness of Jungian psychotherapy in supervised training settings
    317
  • A psychodynamic contribution to the understanding of anger - The importance of diagnosis before treatment
    303
  • Repairing alliance ruptures in psychotherapy with adults: a scoping review
    281
  • Attachment orientations and emotion regulation: new insights from the study of interpersonal emotion regulation strategies
    229
Vol. 29 No. 1 (2026)
Developing relational competence in psychotherapy training: a qualitative study of trainees’ perspectives
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Patient experiences in receiving virtual psychotherapy: a qualitative study
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4 March 2026
Vol. 29 No. 1 (2026)
Examining the factor structure of the 40-item Defense Style Questionnaire among adults with depression: an individual participant data meta-analysis
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16 February 2026
Vol. 29 No. 1 (2026)
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing versus cognitive behavioral therapy in the treatment of inpatients with obesity, binge eating...
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16 February 2026
Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome

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